Why movies are moving from 24 to 48 fps.

Just as talkies replaced the silent film, and color has become the norm for feature films, avant garde, influential directors including Peter Jackson and James Cameron are determined to make high-frame-rate films, along with 3D, the next big thing in movies. Their crusade took a bit of a step sideways recently when the screening of clips from Jackson’s new film The Hobbit at CinemaCon was met with decidedly mixed reviews. Like it or not, though, expect to see more theaters equipped to show high-frame-rate movies, from 48 frames per second all the way up to 120 fps, and an increasing number of movies shot at higher frame rates. Jackson himself was stubbornly defensive after the screening, with PC Magazine characterizing his response to criticism as “deal with it.”

In technology, where more is almost always better, it is unusual to hear complaints about something getting faster. Some viewers of the preview complained that the scenes were “too real” — the 48 fps recording rendering the action so lifelike that they had trouble remembering that Middle Earth was supposed to be a fantasy. Other viewers missed the languid feel of traditional 24 fps movies. Unconsciously, we’re also used to 30 fps and above content being “made for TV,” and are accustomed to feature films showing at the lower 24 fps rate.

Film look sacrificed for the sake of 3D?

3D is one of the driving forces for high-frame-rate movies. By shooting at 48 fps, it’s possible to show 24 fps to each eye through a pair of active glasses, for example. It’s probably no small coincidence that Cameron and Jackson are two of the largest promoters of 3D movies, not only shooting them that way but with Cameron converting his own Titanic to 3D for re-release. Like 3D, proponents of high-frame-rate argue that it just takes time to get used to the more realistic images. Jackson says that once audiences see an entire feature film like his The Hobbit at 48fps, especially in 3D, they’ll learn to like it. Perhaps fearing more audience backlash, Jackson has decided not to release any 48 fps trailers for the film — saving the faster frame rate for its debut in theaters on December 14.

48 fps also allows for the creation of very smooth slow-motion scenes, simply by double-printing each frame to yield a 24 fps half-speed version. Of course in this case 48 fps could be used just for the scenes which need to be in slo-mo, with the rest of the film recorded in 24 fps. Even for full-speed scenes, 48 fps has advantages. Fast camera moves no longer cause “strobing,” and individual frames are sharper. Action scenes are definitely smoother and more lifelike. These changes may be disconcerting to those used to viewing movies at 24 fps, but new moviegoers could quickly become addicted and not want to go back. Just like the rush to color led to a flurry of colorized versions of black and white classics, we may well see post-production 48 fps renderings of existing movies.

The business of 48 fps

There is another big reason studios and theater chains will be pushing 3D — money. With increasingly capable home theater setups and Internet streaming competing with theaters, the movie business needs to differentiate its offerings in any way it can. Upgrading theater projectors to 48 fps, even at a cost of several thousand dollars per screen, may pay for itself if it gives theater goers a premium experience. Jackson is hoping that over 10,000 theaters will be high-frame-rate capable by the time The Hobbit releases. Even so, Jackson and Warner Brothers are hedging their bets — the film will be released in six different versions: 2D, 3D, and 3D IMAX — all of them in both 24 fps and 48 fps.

High-frame-rate has attracted the attention of camera makers also. Previously confined to specialty, high-end, camera makers like Red, Canon has added support for frame rates up to 60 fps to its upcoming Canon EOS C500 – although the jump from 48 fps to 60 fps is hard to detect, so most high-frame-rate movies will likely settle for 48 fps. While still pricey, high-frame-rate tools will increasingly become cost effective even for independent filmmakers wanting to take advantage of the new technology. Even with some well-known filmmakers like Ang Lee being skeptical, the big money and big names behind 48 fps movies mean it’s here to stay, so we’ll all have to hope we can get used to it.

Pepper Spray & Stun Gun : Safety Self Defence.

HOW DOES PEPPER SPRAY WORK?

WHAT IS PEPPER SPRAY?

Pepper spray normally comes in aerosol type containers, some no larger than a lipstick. Some are small enough to attach to a key chain. Most of these non-lethal sprays can be fired several times and have a range of between 8 and 20 feet, depending on model and size.

The active ingredient in pepper spray is OC or oleoresin capsicum. The OC is derived from Cayenne peppers – some of the hottest peppers in the world. OC is a reddish-orange, oily liquid, insoluble in water. The OC agent is dispersed by the aerosol in the container

One of the misconceptions about pepper sprays is, that the higher the percentage, the hotter and better it works. In most cases this is not true, most of the best, fastest incapacitating sprays in the world are from 2-10%. The lighter the fluid, the faster it penetrates the membrane.

WHAT WILL PEPPER SPRAY DO TO AN ATTACKER?

When sprayed into someone's eyes and face, it irritates the skin, eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. Coughing and choking may be experienced. It is very uncomfortable and there is pain associated with it.

The end result is temporary incapacitation, mostly due to not being able to see. Attackers are too preoccupied with the blinding and painful experience to even attempt to do anything violent to you. If properly contaminated with pepper spray, an attacker will not be able to open their eyes for between10 minutes to an hour, allowing you plenty of time to escape safely.

Body size and weight, asthma, smoking, make little or no difference to the effectiveness of the spray. There may however be a small increase in blood pressure, heart rate and ventilation. Because OC (oleoresin capsicum – chili peppers) is an inflammatory agent and not an irritant, it is still effective on those who feel no pain such as psychotics and those under the influence of drugs or alcohol.

All OC plants, of which there are many different types contain a very powerful substance, an alkaloid called capsaicin. Humans can detect capsaicin even when diluted to one part in ten million.

If you can imagine a really bad case of facial sunburn, a burning sensation in the back of your mouth and VERY hot and sore eyes – you will have some idea of the effects a pepper spray will have on your attacker.

Pepper spray (OC) has also proven to be the best deterrent available against attacking dogs and the control of wild animals.

IS PEPPER SPRAY LEGAL?

Pepper spray is used by many law enforcement agencies because it is more effective than tear gas and Mace™ and because it does not cause direct permanent harm.

However there are some areas and countries where its use by the general public is restricted. It is also a crime to carry pepper spray on a commercial aircraft. But, according to the TSA guidelines you are permitted to carry one, up to 4oz container in your checked luggage.

You should check for restrictions in your locality. Click here for Pepper Spray Laws.

HOW SHOULD PEPPER SPRAYS BE USED?

If you have to use your pepper spray in self defense, make sure that you have some distance between you and your attacker(s) if possible (you don't want the spray to affect you). Aim the spray at the eyes and facial region of the attacker, then release a 1 to 2 second burst of spray. After you have done this, move away, but watch the attacker(s) carefully as you do so. By watching the reactions of your attacker(s) you will be able to tell if a further burst of spray is required. REMEMBER spray and move, spray and move. Once the attacker has been incapacitated seek help and call the police.

SHELF LIFE AND TESTING

Most pepper sprays have a shelf life of 3-4 years although some expire after two years. The expiration date should be marked on the canister. Any use of the spray beyond the expiration date is not advised.

YOUR LIFE MAY DEPEND ON IT WORKING PROPERLY

Although the spray will work indefinitely, it will lose its potency over time.

Sprays should be tested by firing with half second bursts, both after purchase and then on a regular basis of every 90 days. Testing must always be done outside with any wind blowing from behind you.

Remember that all activations will reduce the contents of the canister. Smaller capacity models will therefore need to be replaced every 9-12 months if these testing procedures are adhered to. Always check manufacturers testing and replacement recommendations.

REMEMBER

The size of the pepper spray unit generally determines its capacity.

Pepper sprays are not the same as mace or tear gas sprays.

Law abiding citizens are realizing that they have to depend on devices like this to protect themselves and their families. There are around 40 manufacturers of this type of spray, who offer various sizes, formulations and spray types. However there is only one chemical composition, which should be considered for use by the general public in a self defense situation.

It is estimated that at least 15,000,000 Americans now carry personal defense sprays, the majority of which are OC pepper sprays

You should always carry a self defense product such as Mace, pepper spray, a stun gun, personal alarms or a Taser.

HOW DOES A STUN GUN WORK?

A stun gun is an electrical self defense weapon that uses high voltage to stop an attacker. Touching a person with the prongs on the stun gun quickly immobilizes the attacker. However, because the amperage of a stun gun is very low, no serious or permanent injury is inflicted.

Stun guns are designed to key into the nervous system. It dumps its energy into the muscles at a high pulse frequency that makes the muscles work very rapidly, but not efficiently. This rapid work cycle depletes blood sugar by converting it to lactic acid all in just seconds. The resulting energy loss makes it difficult to move and function.

  At the same time, the tiny neurological impulses that travel throughout the body to direct muscle movement are interrupted. This causes disorientation and loss of balance and leaves the attacker in a passive and confused condition for several minutes. Still, there is no significant effect on the heart and other organs.


As a general rule, a one-half second contact can repel and startle the attacker, giving some pain and muscle contraction. One to two seconds can cause muscle spasms and a dazed mental state. Over three seconds can cause loss of balance and muscle control, mental confusion and disorientation. Realize that 3 seconds is quite a long time when in a physical struggle. Every person is different and will react differently to the effects of a stun gun. What may put one person down in 3 seconds could take 5 seconds on another person.

The electrical shock that emits from the stun gun will not pass from the person being stunned to the person doing the stunning. The effect is localized only in the affected area and does not pass through the body. Even if you or the attacker is wet or standing in water, you will not get shocked by the stun gun. Stun Guns are legal in most states. Tell me more about State Restrictions.

Always carry self defense weapons such as Mace spray, pepper spray, a stun gun, personal alarm or TASER device for women's self defense.

Mother Love

TOUCHING STORY:

My mom only had one eye. I hated her… She was such an embarrassment. She cooked for students and teachers to support the family.

There was this one day during elementary school where my mom came to say hello to me. I was so embarrassed.

How could she do this to me? I ignored her, threw her a hateful look and ran out. The next day at school one of my classmates said, ‘EEEE, your mom only has one eye!’

I wanted to bury myself. I also wanted my mom to just disappear. I confronted her that day and said, ‘ If you’re only gonna make me a laughing stock, why don’t you just die?’

 

My mom did not respond… I didn’t even stop to think for a second about what I had said, because I was full of anger. I was oblivious to her feelings.
 
I wanted out of that house, and have nothing to do with her. So I studied real hard, got a chance to go abroad to study.

Then, I got married. I bought a house of my own. I had kids of my own. I was happy with my life, my kids and the comforts. Then one day, my Mother came to visit me. She hadn’t seen me in years and she didn’t even meet her grandchildren.

When she stood by the door, my children laughed at her, and I yelled at her for coming over uninvited. I screamed at her, ‘How dare you come to my house and scare my children!’ GET OUT OFHERE! NOW!!!’

And to this, my mother quietly answered, ‘Oh, I’m so sorry. I may have gotten the wrong address,’ and she disappeared out of sight.

One day, a letter regarding a school reunion came to my house. So I lied to my wife that I was going on a business trip. After there union, I went to the old shack just out of curiosity.
My neighbours said that she died. I did not shed a single tear. They handed me a letter that she had wanted me to have.

‘My dearest son,

I think of you all the time. I’m sorry that I came to your house and scared your children.
I was so glad when I heard you were coming for the reunion. But I may not be able to even get out of bed to see you. I’m sorry that I was a constant embarrassment to you when you were growing up.

You see……..when you were very little, you got into an accident, and lost your eye. As a mother, I couldn’t stand watching you having to grow up with one eye. So I gave you mine.

I was so proud of my son who was seeing a whole new world for me, in my place, with that eye.
With all my love to you,
Your mother.’

MORAL LESSON:
Always LOVE your parents. They are a blessing to you.

NOTE:
We only have one mom, so love her, you will come to cry when she's gone.

If you love your Mom, press "LIKE"
and
write,"I LOVE U MOM" if you are proud of her

Slim 71 :Annette Larkins.

DENGUE : Be Alert.

Benefits of Water Therapy

Relief from stress, weight loss, glowing skin, feeling fresh and energetic throughout the day and good digestion are some of the major benefits of water therapy. Have a look at some of the comments below made by people after trying water therapy.

Water therapy is really wonderfully beneficial. So much that people who have not practiced this can't even imagine. It makes your body thoroughly clean and pure from inside and outside. I recommend that everybody should start practicing water therapy to keep tremendously fit and disease free.

About Water Therapy

It is popular in Japan and India today to drink water immediately after waking up every morning. Furthermore, scientific tests have proven its value.

They publish below a description of use of water in water therapy for their readers. For old and serious diseases as well as modern illnesses, the water therapy treatment had been found successful by a Japanese medical society as a hundred percent cure for the following diseases

Headache
Body Ache
Heart System
Arthritis
Fast Heart Beat
Epilepsy
Excess
Fatness
Bronchitis
Asthma
TB
Meningtitis
Kidney and Urine diseases
Vomiting gastritis
Diarrhea
Piles
Diabetes
Constipation
All Eye Diseases
Menstrual Disorders
Ear Nose
Throat Diseases

Water Therapy - - Method of Treatment

1. As you wake up in the morning before brushing teeth, drink 4-6 glasses of water each of 160 ml.
2. Brush and clean the mouth but do not eat or drink anything for 45 minutes.
3. After 45 minutes you may eat and drink as normal.
4. After 15 minutes of breakfast, lunch and dinner do not eat or drink anything for two hours.
5. Those who are old or sick and are unable to drink four glasses of water at the beginning may commence by taking little water and gradually increase it to four glasses per day.
6. The above method of treatment will cure diseases of the sick and others can enjoy a healthy life.
The following list gives the number of days of treatment required to cure main diseases:
1. High Blood Pressure - 30 days
2. Gastric - 10 days
3. Diabetes - 30 days
4. Constipation - 10 days
5. TB - 90 days
Arthritis patients should follow the above treatment for only 3 days in the first week to be followed by daily treatment. This treatment method has no side effects, however at the commencement of treatment you may have to urinate a few times.

Self Appraisal

A BEAUTIFUL STORY

*A little boy went to a telephone booth which was at the cash counter of a
store and dialed a number.
The store-owner observed and listened to the conversation:

Boy : "Lady, Can you give me the job of cutting your lawn?
Woman : (at the other end of the phone line) "I already have
someone to cut my lawn."
Boy : "Lady, I will cut your lawn for half the price than the
person who cuts your lawn now."
Woman : I'm very satisfied with the person who is presently cutting
my lawn.
Boy : (with more perseverance) "Lady, I'll even sweep the
floor and the stairs of your house for free.
Woman : No, thank you.

With a smile on his face, the little boy replaced the receiver. The
store-owner, who was listening to all this, walked over to the boy.

Store Owner : "Son... I like your attitude; I like that positive
spirit and would like to offer you a job."
Boy : "No thanks,
Store Owner : But you were really pleading for one.
Boy : No Sir, I was just checking my performance at
the job I already have. I am the one who is working for that lady I was
talking to!" *

*
** This is called

"Self Appraisal"*

PENCIL_SHORT FILM

For a Better INDIA.

SHARE THIS AS MUCH AS YOU CAN SO THAT THE GOVERNMENT KNOWS OUR DEMANDS.

What are the demands of protesting students? What India wants?


1. Strict laws should be made and implemented.

2. Fast and fair trials. Make Fast Track Courts and give judgement in 2 months & don't give criminal the right to appeal in higher courts else Fast Track Courts will be of no use.

3. Nothing less than death for such criminals.

4. 24 hours police patrolling in all cities.

5. Call special session of Parliament and pass 'Women Protection Bill'.

6. Girls should be safe all over India.

7. Restore moral values in our society.

8. Bring Delhi Police under Delhi government or make a new Police Department that is directly under Delhi Government.

9. Check the identity of all immigrants in all areas.

10. Take speedy action in all crimes including murders, rapes and robberies.

11. Catch small robbers and criminals and give them harsh punishment because these are the same people who do serious crimes later.

12. Train girls in self defense.

13. Make Citizen Volunteer Force that will help others & ensure no crimes take place in the city.

14. Punish politicians who give irresponsible statements in media just to come in limelight.

15. Take action against all politicians and officers who have criminal cases against them.

16. Train Police of all states how to talk to women and citizens and how to act immediately.

17. Change the constitution of India. Stop fooling and ruling us with a constitution written by Britishers 200 years ago. We are no more in colonial rule. The Constitution should be new and according to todays need.

18. Re - Call System for Politicians...( Who do not liable for  Law & Order ).


THESE DEMANDS ARE NOT VERY BIG AND CAN BE FULFILLED EASILY.
THESE DEMANDS ARE NOT JUST FOR THE GOVERNMENT.

THESE ARE FOR THE COMMON PEOPLE TOO WHO DON'T CARE ABOUT WHAT IS GOING ON AROUND THEM.

IT IS TIME FOR THE CITIZENS TO ACT AND BRING THE CHANGE.
"YOU DON'T DESERVE TO LIVE IF YOU DON'T CHANGE EVEN NOW".

Telugu Paata - Tenaloluku Paata.

Please DO NOT DRINK & DRIVE.

Really heart touching.........

I was walking around in a Big Bazar store making shopping, when I saw a Cashier talking to a boy couldn't have been more than 5 or 6 years
old..

The Cashier said, 'I'm sorry, but you don't have enough money to buy this doll. Then the little boy turned to me and asked: ''are you sure I don't have enough money?''

I counted his cash and replied: ''You know that you don't have enough money to buy the doll, my dear.'' The little boy was still holding the doll in his hand.

Finally, I walked toward him and I asked him who he wished to give this doll to. 'It's the doll that my sister loved most and wanted so much . I wanted to Gift her for her BIRTHDAY.
I have to give the doll to my mommy so that she can give it to my sister when she goes there.' His eyes were so sad while saying this.

'My Sister has gone to be with God.. Daddy says that Mommy is going to see God very soon too, so I thought that she could take the doll with her to give it to my sister...''

My heart nearly stopped. The little boy looked up at me and said: 'I told daddy to tell mommy not to go yet. I need her to wait until I come back from the mall.' Then he showed me a very nice photo of him where he was laughing. He then told me 'I want mommy to take my picture with her so my sister won't forget me.' 'I love my mommy and I wish she doesn't have to leave me, but daddy says that she has to go to be with my little sister.' Then he looked again at the doll with
sad eyes, very quietly..

I quickly reached for my wallet and said to the boy. 'Suppose we check again, just in case you do have enough money for the doll?''

'OK' he said, 'I hope I do have enough.' I added some of my money to his with out him seeing and we started to count it. There was enough
for the doll and even some spare money.

The little boy said: 'Thank you God for giving me enough money!'

Then he looked at me and added, 'I asked last night before I went to sleep for God to make sure I had enough money to buy this doll, so that mommy could give It to my sister. He heard me!'' 'I also wanted to have enough money to buy a white rose for my mommy, but I didn't dare to ask God for too much. But He gave me enough to buy the doll and a white rose. My mommy loves white roses.'

I finished my shopping in a totally different state from when I
started. I couldn't get the little boy out of my mind. Then I
remembered a local news paper article two days ago, which mentioned a drunk man in a truck, who hit a car occupied by a young woman and a little girl. The little girl died right away, and the mother was left in a critical state. The family had to decide whether to pull the plug on the life-sustaining machine, because the young woman would not be able to recover from the coma. Was this the family of the little boy?

Two days after this encounter with the little boy, I read in the news paper that the young woman had passed away.. I couldn't stop myself as I bought a bunch of white roses and I went to the funeral home where the body of the young woman was exposed for people to see and make last wishes before her burial. She was there, in her coffin, holding a beautiful white rose in her hand with the photo of the little boy and
the doll placed over her chest. I left the place, teary-eyed, feeling that my life had been changed for ever...

The love that the little boy had for his mother and his sister is
still, to this day, hard to imagine. And in a fraction of a second, a drunk driver had taken all this away from him.

Source :-

Thanks: Useful Info.

Happy Christmas

Future 2050

LIFE IS PRECIOUS

Stochastic Probability Theory - Pregnant Deer Scenario

Consider this scenario: In a remote forest, a pregnant deer is about to give birth to a baby. It finds a remote grass field near by a river and slowly goes there thinking it would be safe. As she moves slowly, she gets labor pain…. at the same moment, dark clouds gather around that area and lightning starts a forest fire. Turning left she sees a hunter who is aiming an arrow from a distance. As she tries to move towards right, she spots a hungry lion approaching towards her.

Stochastic Probability Theory - Pregnant Deer Scenario
What can the pregnant deer do ….as she is already under labor pain ?
…
…
…
What do you think will happen ?
Will the deer survive ?
Will it give birth to a fawn ?
Will the fawn survive ? or
Will everything be burnt by the forest fire ?
…
…
…
…

That particular moment ?
…
…
…

Can the deer go left ? – Hunter’s arrow is pointing

Can she go right ? – Hungry male lion approaching

Can she move up ? – Forest fire

Can she move down ? – Fierce river

Answer: She does nothing. She just focuses on giving birth to a new LIFE.

The sequence of events that happens at that fraction of a second (moment) are as follows:
In a spur of MOMENT …a lightning strikes (already it is cloudy ) and blinds the eyes of the Hunter. At that MOMENT, he releases the arrow missing and zipping past the deer. At that MOMENT the arrow hits and injures the lion badly. At that MOMENT, it starts to rain heavily and puts out the forest fire. At that next MOMENT, the deer gives birth to a healthy fawn.
In our life, it’s our MOMENT of CHOICE and we all have to deal with such negative thoughts from all sides always. Some thoughts are so powerful they overpower us and makes us clueless. Let us not decide anything in a hurry. Let’s think of ourselves as the pregnant deer with the ultimate happy ending. Anything can happen in a MOMENT in this life. If you are religious, superstitious, atheist, agnostic… or whatever… you can attribute this MOMENT as divine intervention, faith, sudden luck, chance (serendipity), coincidence… or a simple ‘don’t know’. We all feel the same. But, whatever one may call it, I would see the priority of the deer in that given moment was to giving birth to a baby…. because LIFE IS PRECIOUS.


Hence, whether you are deer or a human, keep that faith and hope within you always.
Thanks :

Syed Yaseen - FACEBOOK.

Top 10 Places You Aren't Allowed To Visit

Harmful effects of Soft Drinks

It has been experimentally proved that soft drinks are one of the prominent reasons for obesity. The weight gain is directly related to the amount of soft drink that a person takes in. With every single can, people unknowingly add many extra calories to their body weight.

* Another very common effect of soft drinks is diabetes. With every can of soft drink, people add large amount of sugar in their body. Long habitual intake of soft drinks can lead to ineffective insulin production from pancreases which consequently affect the sugar level in the body. This further leads to diabetes.

* It has been proved that frequent consumption of soft drink can lead to weakening of the bones and osteoporosis. Soft drinks impair the calcification of the growing bones in children.

* Studies also say that soft drinks increase the risk of tooth decay. The acidic content of soft drinks can dissolve the tooth enamel and make them weaker. It is recommended that people should avoid taking soft drinks between meals to prevent dental erosion and tooth decay.

* This fact may shock you, but is quite true. Researches have proved that constant and habitual intake of soft drink can lead to kidney stones formation. This happens because of the acidic and mineral radical balance. The body tries to buffer the acidity caused by the soft drinks with the calcium from the bones. This leads to calcium erosion, which ultimately gets settled in the kidney in the form of stones.

* Soft drink also leads to impaired digestive system. Soft drink contains phosphoric acid which competes with the hydrochloric acid present in stomach and affects its functioning. The ineffectiveness of stomach leads to undigested food which further causes indigestion and gassiness.

* Soft drinks cause dehydration in the body. Both the sugar and caffeine components of soft drinks are dehydrating agents. They both lead to excess urination, which makes you thirstier than before.

* Soft drinks have strong caffeine content. Caffeine causes irritability, restlessness, tension, high blood pressure, excessive urination and other side effects. It is also believed that soft drinks increase blood pressure. Some studies also claim that soft drink has harmful effects on liver.

* The sweetener used in soft drinks is Aspartame. It is 200 times sweeter than normal sugar and is far more harmful with many side effects.

Thanks :

Anila  GURU TALKS

Care Your Eyes.

If you're reading this online, chances are you are straining your eyes and probably your neck and back as well. If you're holding the paper while reading this, your turn will come later when you check your e-mail. According to Dr. Marc Grossman, O.D., more than 50 percent of computer users experience eye strain, headaches and blurred vision from starring at the computer screen for hours at a time. There is a condition called CVS, Computer Vision Syndrome, where one's sight is light-sensitive with blurred vision. The size of words often changes. All this is due to improper use of the computer monitor. It's not just eye strain, either. Computer users often complain of back, neck and hand aches, sometimes leading to carpal tunnel syndrome.

 The best prevention to all this is frequent breaks, good lighting and proper posture. You should sit upright in an adjustable and comfortable chair with your feet flat on the floor. Your shoulders should be relaxed and your monitor should be about 16-20 inches in front of you, according to folks at the Mayo Clinic. To reduce fatigue, tap the keyboard gently with your forearms parallel to the floor. During your breaks, do some stretching exercises. Relax your neck and shoulders and close your eyes. Take a deep breath. When you exhale, drop your chin to your chest and gently roll your head clockwise as you inhale. Do it slowly, get the kinks out and reverse direction when done. 

Be conscious of your breathing and keep relaxed. Do these rolls in each direction a couple of times. Stand and brace your hands over your head to release shoulder tension. Exercising your eyes will help to deduce focusing fatigue. Look away from your monitor every half hour or so and focus on something across the room or out the window. Look at it for 10-15 seconds. Then look back at something close and stare at it for the same time. Do this 10 times. Studies show that computer users blink only 20 percent as frequently as they normally do. This dries the eyes, causing blurred vision, irritation and fatigue. 

So make a conscious effort to blink when computing. Our ancestors used to live outdoors, always watching the horizon in search of the food they hunted. We on the other hand, live indoors and stare at our computer monitors. It's not the way we were meant to live and it's not healthy. One thing we can do is change from the old cathode ray tube-type monitors to the newer flat-panel LCDs, which are easier on the eyes. The CRTs have flicker, which contribute to eye strain. If you have one of those, go into the monitor settings and change the refresh rate to at least 70 Hz. LCDs have no flicker or settings to change. When shopping for the flat panel models get one with a dot pitch of .28 or lower and be at least 19 inch diagonally in size. 

They will have a sharper image than those with a higher dot pitch, which are often cheaper. So -- and there is the caveat -- with monitors, cheaper is not always the best choice. Bad lighting has an ill effect on our eyes. Try to have room lights and windows either above or to the sides of your computer. Try to minimize glare. If the light source is behind the monitors, you will be looking at it; if behind you, you'll see its reflection. The display should not be a source of light but only as bright as the room you're in. Take a look a white background on a Web page. If it's on the dull side, brighten it a bit, but not too much. Adjustments can be made not only from the buttons on the display, but from the software as well. 

You can change setting for brightness and contrast, along with gamma, saturation and vibrance in most cases. Play with it to find a comfortable setting. You can always revert back to the default setting should you find you over adjusted it. In most computers, look where you change the resolution, most of the time by right-clicking on your desktop and depending on your version of Windows, either go to Settings, or Personalize and look for Color Management from there. You can also calibrate your display settings in there. 

The Institute of Occupational Safety and Health says eye strain can not only cause fatigue, decreased productivity and CVS, but can lead to glaucoma. The most important thing to do according to our optometrist, Dr. Elliott Brass, is to get annual eye exams and have proper eyewear. This is especially important if you work constantly in front of a computer. I wear trifocal progressive glasses. The midsection of the lens is for my computer vision and helps immensely. There are also dedicated computer glasses that you can get. Take breaks, even if they're at your desk. Stand and stretch, blink, stare out a window, roll your head. It all helps.

A Brief History of Dinosaurs

 

Most people think of dinosaurs as big, ferocious and extinct reptiles. That's largely true, but there are some misconceptions. Dinosaurs came in all shapes and sizes. Dinosaurs were the largest land animals of all time, but a great number of dinosaurs were smaller than a turkey.
Dinosaurs first appeared about 230 million years ago. They ruled the Earth for about 135 million years until an extinction event 65 million years ago wiped out all but bird-like dinosaurs. Scientists don't agree entirely on what happened, but the extinction likely was a double or triple whammy involving an asteroid impact, choking chemicals from erupting volcanoes, climate change and possibly other factors.

Flying on
Yet only the big, classic dinosaurs are extinct. Birds are living dinosaurs, most experts believe. Think of that next time a pigeon strafes you.
Fossils show that some of the more advanced dinosaurs had feathers or feather-like body covering, but many of them didn't fly and probably didn't even glide. Archaeopteryx, which was for a long time considered to be the first bird (although this status is not certain), is the most famous example. Instead, feathers, rather than being an adaptation for flight, helped these bird-like non-birds stay warm as juveniles.
Many people think extinct flying reptiles called pterosaurs were dinosaurs. They were dinosaurs' closest relatives but technically not dinosaurs. Pterosaurs had hollow bones, relatively large brains and eyes, and, of course, the flaps of skin extending along their arms, which were attached to the digits on their front hands. The family includes Pterodactyls, with elaborate, bony head crests and lack of teeth. Pterosaurs survived up until the mass die-off 65 million years ago, when they were went the way of the dodo along with marine reptiles and other dinosaurs.

Hip check
Dinosaur fossils were first recognized in the 19th century. In 1842, paleontologist Richard Owen coined the term dinosaur, derived from the Greek deinos, meaning "terrible" or "fearfully great," and sauros, meaning "lizard" or reptile." Scientists classify dinosaurs into two orders — Saurischians and Ornithischians — based on the structure of the bones in their hips.
Most of the well-known dinosaurs — including Tyrannosaurus rex, Deinonychus and Velociraptor — fall into the order known as Saurischian dinosaurs (pronounced sor-ISK-ee-en). These "reptile-hipped" dinosaurs have a pelvis that points forward, similar to more primitive animals. They are often long-necked, have large and sharp teeth, long second fingers, and a first finger that points strongly away from the rest of the fingers.
Saurischians are divided into two groups – four legged herbivores called sauropods and two-legged carnivores called theropods (living birds are theropods).

Theropods walked on two legs and were carnivorous. "Theropod" means "beast-footed" and they are some of the fearsome and most recognizable dinosaurs — including Allosaurus and T. rex.
Scientists have wondered whether large theropods — such as Giganotosaurus and Spinosaurus — actively hunted their prey, or simply scavenged carcasses. The evidence points to the animals working together as opportunistic hunters: they would bring down prey, but also eat animals that were lying around. When fossil-hunters found bones with bite marks on them, they wondered if theropods engaged in cannibalism. It appears now that the animals may have scavenged their own kind, but they didn’t hunt down their own.

Sauropods were herbivores with long heads, long necks and long tails. They were among the largest land animals ever, but they likely had small brains. The gentle giants like leaf-eating Apatosaurus, Brachiosaurus and Diplodocus are part of this family.

Ornithischia
Ornithischian (pronounced or-neh-THISK-ee-en) dinosaurs, a group that includes horned and frilled Triceratops, spiked Stegosaurus and armored Ankylosaurus, are more mild-mannered, plant eaters.
These dinosaurs were beaked herbivores. Smaller than the sauropods, the ornithischia (meaning “bird-hipped”) often lived in herds and were prey to the larger species of dinosaurs. Interestingly, the ornithischia shifted from a two-legged to a four-legged posture at least three times in their evolutionary history and scientists think they could adopt both postures early in their evolutionary history.

Marine reptiles
During the age of the dinosaurs, a lot was happening below the surface of the world’s oceans.  The "fish flippers," or ichthyopterygia, includes Ichthyosaurus — the streamlined, tuna- and dolphin-shaped ocean-going predators. This abundant family of marine reptiles largely went extinct at the end of the Jurassic Period.

Mahatma Katha

TRUST or SOCIETY Q & A.

1) Are foreigners allowed as members of the trust ?
Ans. -There is no apparent bar on the foreigners becoming a trustee of trust.

2) Will there be subsequent problems if foreigners are the trustees?
Ans. -It is difficult to get FCRA registration if foreigners are there as trustees. Normally, FCRA registration is not granted to such organisations. The FCRA is silent in this regard but FCRA authorities confirmed that FCRA registration is not given if foreigners are its subscribers/members/ trustees. We did come across instances of organisations being given FCRA registration inspite of having foreigners as board members/trustees. But these are exceptions and we have to assume that FCRA registration will not be given, unless the foreigners involved are too distinguished and intervention of higher authorities is availed.
The difficulties involved in getting FCRA permission for Ngo's having foreigners as trustees is a deterrent for foreign Ngo's contemplating the option of floating an Indian Ngo. Therefore, foreign Ngo's should explore other legal and legitimate way of controlling an Indian Ngo.

3) Can foreigners be inducted as ex-officio or nominated trustees?
Ans. -There should not be any problem in having foreigners as ex-officio or nominated trustees. The trust deed can be suitably drafted so as to have Ex-Officio directors or nominated trustees.

4) After registration, how long a trust can exist ?
Ans. -The registration as a trust provides perpetual existence. A trust will cease to exist if the subject mater of the trust is totally liquidated. A trust cannot be revoked once it is legitimately created.

5) Can a Public Charitable Trust Indian have activities outside India?
Ans. -The various acts under which an Ngo can be registered do not prohibit activities outside India. The FEMA and FCRA are silent in this regard and under the liberalized regime of RBI, current account transactions are allowable without any prior permission. Therefore, there should not be any problem in transfer of foreign exchange,subject to the guidelines of FEMA. The most important legislation in this context is the Income Tax Act, which under section 11(1)(c) prohibits the activities of Indian Ngo outside India without specific permission of the CBDT. An Indian Ngo spending money on activities outside India will be subject to income tax on that portion of its income

6) What are the annual returns that a Trust is required to file with the Registrar ?
Ans. -A trust is not regulated by any authority therefore, no annual returns are required to be filed with the registering authority. However, trust has to file annual returns as required under FCR Act, 1976 and Income Tax Act, 1961.

7) Who can form a trust?
Ans. -Every person competent to make a contract and competent to deal with property can create a Trust. Besides individuals, a body of individuals or an artificial person such as an association of persons, an institution, a limited company, a Hindu Undivided Family through its Karta can also form a Trust. For all practical purposes, two or more individuals are required to form a charitable trust.

8) How to form a `Trust'? 
Ans. -a) A trust can be formed as per Section 4 of Indian Trust Act 1982 for a lawful purpose;
b) A trust should have a document written and signed by trustees or a sole trustee;
c) A trust can be formed through a will also;
There is no definite form to create a trust. Objectives of the trustee should be clear and unambiguous;

9) What are the purposes for which a trust can be formed? 
Ans. -Trust cannot be formed for the following purposes under Sec.4 of the Act:
a) Unlawful purposes;
b) Against provisions of Indian Trusts Act 1932 rules made there under;
c) If there are provisions for cheating etc. in the trust;
d) If the trust is intended to cause loss or damage to one's property

10) Who can form a trust?
Ans. -The following can form a trust under Sec.7 of the Indian Trusts Act 1882:
a) A person capable of making contract can form a trust;
b) Trust can be formed on behalf of minor with permission of Civil Court.

11) What is the stamp duty to be paid for a trust deed?
Ans. -1. Rs.500/- if only money is contributed by the author of trust or if immovable property is conveyed where in the author remains as the sole trustee.
2. Same duty as conveyance if the immovable property is conveyed and the author is not a trustee or a sole trustee.

12) What is the fee for registration of trust deed?
Ans. -As per Article III of table of fees under Registration Rules 1965, fee shall be paid at 1 percent on the total of value shown by the trustee or value of movable or immovable property shown in the trust deed.

13) Can a trust be cancelled? 
Ans. -A trust can be cancelled on the following grounds as per Sec. 78 of The Indian Trust Act 1882:
a) Trust can be cancelled at the will of the trustees;
b) Trust can be cancelled if there is provision for cancellation in the deed.
c) If author of a trust creates trust for the purpose of repayment of his debt and if this is nor informed to the creditor author can cancel the trust.

14) Can the defects in the trust be cured by amendment?
Ans. -Yes, amendment can be made a rectification or supplementary deed.

15) What is meant by a Society or an Association? Why should it be registered?
Ans. - A Society / Association is an organized group of people with the sole aim and objectives of non-profitable service. Registration of such an association will have legal recognition. It will be possible to run society legally with discipline. Society can sue and be sued.

16) Who will register a Society/Association and where it can be registered?
Ans. - Registrar of Societies i.e., District Registrar of a District is appointed under Societies Registration Act 1850 is the authority to register the societies. Society can be registered in the office of the Registrar in which District the society is intended to be established.

17) What is the minimum number of people to form a society or an Association?
Ans. - A minimum 7 persons who have attained the age of 18 years can form a society or an Association.

18) For what purpose a society/association be formed? 
Ans. - Association could be formed for the following purposes:
1. Religious;
2. Educational, art and religious;
3. Sports;
4. Knowledge of commerce and industry;
5. Political education training;
6. Maintaining Library;
7. Collection/preservation of historical monuments, technical and philosophical research.

19) What are the differences between `Trust' and `Society' registered under Societies Registration Act 1850?
Ans. -

Society	Trust
District Registrar and Registrar of Societies is competent authority to register.	Trust deed can be registered in Office of the Sub Registrar.
Aims and objectives are for the development/welfare of the whole society without restriction	There are two kinds of Trusts. Public and Private. The latter is a private trust for the beneficiaries.
Minimum of 7 persons are required to form Society.	Any body can form Trust without restriction as to the number of persons.
Executive committee runs it.	Managing trustee runs it.
Executive committee manages, subject to approval of general body.	Management is under the control of management of Trustees and Managing Trustees.
Accounts shall be filed to the Registrar of Societies.	Does not apply.
There is provision to admit members.	Does not apply.
In order to cancel an association action can be taken only after enquiry under Sec.27	Author of Trust can cancel Trust if he so wishes. If the provision is made in the deed.
Profit cannot be distributed among the members. It can be used only for development of society.	Trustees cannot share. Beneficiaries may be allowed to use the profit.

20) What are the documents to be filed for registration of a society? 
Ans. - (a) Application
(b) Proceedings of the first meeting
(c) Memorandum of Association
(d) List of members of Executive Committee with name, address, occupation, age and signature.
(e) Bye-laws of the Association.

21) What should not be there in the name of the society?
Ans. - The name shall not be
1. Similar to one already existing
2. Name prohibited or registered by State or Central Government
3. Indian Institute or University

22) What is the fee for registration of Society?
Ans. - 1. In MRDA 1000-00
2. Other places 500-00
3. Women's Association/SC/ST Associations shall pay half of the fee mentioned at 1&2 above.

23) What are the follow up actions after registration of society?
Ans. - 1. First General Body meeting should be held within 18 months;
2. Society should get accounts audited by the Chartered Accountant and get it approved by the General Body every year and file it with the registrar within 14 days from the General Body meeting;
3. Society shall elect Executive Committee members as per its bye law.

24) What is the fee to be paid for filing of accounts for approval?
Ans. - 1. For every One lakh rupees of the amount of income and expenditure or part thereof Rs.100/-
2. Half of the fees mentioned above is payable for Associations belonging to SC/St and women.

25) Is there provision to condone delay to file accounts on payment penalty? If so what is Quantum of penalty?
Ans. - 1. If delay does not exceed one year, Rs.50
2. Where the delay exceeds one year, for each year of delay or part thereof; Rs.100/-

26) Can memorandum, byelaws of society be amended? If so, what is the procedure?
Ans. - Memorandum can be amended by approval in a special General Body Meeting called for the purpose after giving due notice and by approval another special General Body Meeting called after 30 days again. Byelaws can be amended by approval of majority of members in Special General Body Meeting. Such amended byelaws shall be filed with the Registrar within one month.

27) Can Registrar refuse to accept amendments if he feels they are against provisions of the Karnataka Societies Registration Act?
Ans. - Yes. However, there is a provision to appeal to the Karnataka Appellate Tribunal.

28) Can a registered Society be cancelled or amalgamated with another Society?
Ans. - 1. Amalgamation (Sec.21):
Proposal for amalgamation should be approved in specially called General Body meeting called after giving minimum of 21 days notice twice in a span of 30 days at a time.
2. Cancellation/Dissolution (Sec.22):
Society can be cancelled or dissolved by approval of majority of members present in a specially called General Body Meeting. If there are any disputes within the members or with executive body, transactions etc., it can be resolved by approaching Civil Court.

29) Can anybody other than member of Society inspect records of the Society and get copy of it ?
Ans. - Yes, since records of the Society are deemed to be public records. Under section 24 any person can get copy and produce as evidence.

30) Can Registrar enquire into the affairs of a Society? If so on what account and occasion?
Ans. - Under section 25 of the Act, Registrar may make suo moto enquiry or on application by 2/3 of the executive committee members or 1/3 of total members.
Such inquiries are held with reference to constitution, working or financial condition of the Society.
The Registrar himself or any person appointed by him may hold inquiry.

31) Can Registrar take action to recover the loss/misappropriation made by the members? Is there appeal against such action?
Ans. - Registrar can pass order to recover such loss or damage caused by members after giving opportunity to explain.

32) Can registered societies be cancelled? Who can cancel? Is there provision for appeal?
Ans. - Yes. If a society is engaged in illegal activity, Registrar may enquire under Section 25 and cancel under Sec.27 after giving notice about such cancellation. Dissolution held as per Sec.22. Appeal may be preferred within 60 days from the date of order.

33) Can an administrator be appointed to manage affairs of an Association? What is the procedure?
Ans. - If a society is unable to function and executive committee is unable to hold general body meeting or if there are serious allegations against the governing body, administrator can be appointed by the Government on recommendation by the Registrar.

34) Can a member be held as guilty and be fined for illegal activity?
Ans. - A member can be fined under Sec.28 for an illegal act.

35) Do ordinary members have right to urge for holding Special General Body for a specific purpose?
Ans. - Yes. Special general body may be convened not later than 40 days after receipt of requisition by 1/3 of the members for specific purpose.

Source : http://www.ashokaconsultant.com/TrustRegistration.php

Thanks.